About the Book

To inspire new ideas in research on pollination ecology, we list the most important unanswered questions in the field.  Pollen studies make important contributions nature, into three main themes: pollen struc to our knowledge in many interdisciplinary true and constituents, pollen evolutionary arenas, Pollen identification is widely used in ecology and the pollen-pollinator interface, reconstruction of e.g. vegetation, the climate Several papers overlap somewhat or are of the past, and plant biodiversity.  In agro-ecosystems, pollinators are essential for orchard, horticultural and forage production, as well as the production of seed for many root and fibre crops.  Pollinators such as bees, birds and bats affect 35 percent of the world’s crop production, increasing outputs of 87 of the leading food crops worldwide, plus many plant-derived medicines in our pharmacies.  Conventional wisdom has held that crops such as tomatoes and coffee are self-pollinated, and growers need not concern themselves with insect visitors. But when crops are grown under increasingly industrialized conditions, such as in greenhouses for tomatoes, or high-input sun coffee, the contribution that animal pollination can make to yield-or conversely, the losses when native pollinators can no longer reach the crops-become more evident.  Developments in landscape ecology illustrate the important relationships between spatial patterns and ecological processes, and incorporate quantitative methods that link spatial patterns and ecological processes, and incorporate quantitative methods that link spatial patterns and ecological processes at broad spatial and temporal scales.  This linkage of time, space and environmental change can assist land managers in applying land management plants to solve environmental problems.  Hence, researchers and land managers aiming to identify links between pollinators and ecosystem function should also consider broader interactions beyond the standard traits of the entomophily syndrome.

Contents:

Introduction,

Fundamentals of Ecology,

Landscape Ecology Application: Research Directions,

Scientific Methods in Ecology,

Vegetation,

Food Research Policy,

Tissue Culture Techniques,

The Science of Modern Genetic Engineering,

Technical Processing in Agricultural Production,

Hybrid Technique,

New Technoscientific in Agri-biotechnology,

Modern Agri-Food System,

Irrigation Water Quality for Greenhouse Production,

Decision Tools for Integrated Pest Management in Agricultur