About the book

This book provides the vision of a successful biorefinery—the lignocelluloic biomass needs to be efficiently converted to its constituent monomers, comprising mainly of sugars such as glucose, xylose, mannose and arabinose. Accordingly, the first part of the book deals with aspects crucial for the pretreatment and hydrolysis of biomass to give sugars in high yield, as well as the general aspects of bioprocessing technologies which will enable the development of biorefineries through inputs of metabolic engineering, fermentation, downstream processing and formulation. The second part of the book gives the current status and future directions of the biological processes for production of ethanol (a biofuel as well as an important commodity raw material), solvents (butanol, isobutanol, butanediols, propanediols), organic acids (lactic acid, 3-hydroxy propionic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid and adipic acid), and amino acid (glutamic acid). The commercial production of some of these commodity bioproducts in the near future will have a far reaching effect in realizing our goal of sustainable conversion of these renewable resources and realizing the concept of biorefinery.

Contents

PREFACE xv

CONTRIBUTORS xix

PART I ENABLING PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES

1 Biorefineries—Concepts for Sustainability 3
Michael Sauer, Matthias Steiger, Diethard Mattanovich, and Hans Marx

2 Biomass Logistics 29
Kevin L. Kenney, J. Richard Hess, Nathan A. Stevens, William A. Smith, Ian J. Bonner, and David J. Muth

3 Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials 43
Karthik Rajendran and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh

4 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass 77
Jonathan J. Stickel, Roman Brunecky, Richard T. Elander, and James D. McMillan

5 Production of Cellulolytic Enzymes 105
Ranjita Biswas, Abhishek Persad, and Virendra S. Bisaria

6 Bioprocessing Technologies 133
Gopal Chotani, Caroline Peres, Alexandra Schuler, and Peyman Moslemy

PART II SPECIFIC COMMODITY BIOPRODUCTS

7 Ethanol from Bacteria 169
Hideshi Yanase

8 Ethanol Production from Yeasts 201
Tomohisa Hasunuma, Ryosuke Yamada, and Akihiko Kondo

9 Fermentative Biobutanol Production: An Old Topic with Remarkable Recent Advances 227
Yi Wang, Holger Janssen and Hans P. Blaschek

10 Bio-based Butanediols Production: The Contributions of Catalysis, Metabolic Engineering, and Synthetic Biology 261
Xiao-Jun Ji and He Huang

11 1,3-Propanediol 289
Yaqin Sun, Chengwei Ma, Hongxin Fu, Ying Mu, and Zhilong Xiu

12 Isobutanol 327
Bernhard J. Eikmanns and Bastian Blombach

13 Lactic Acid 353
Kenji Okano, Tsutomu Tanaka, and Akihiko Kondo

14 Microbial Production of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid From Renewable Sources: A Green Approach as an Alternative to Conventional Chemistry 381
Vinod Kumar, Somasundar Ashok, and Sunghoon Park

15 Fumaric Acid Biosynthesis and Accumulation 409
Israel Goldberg and J. Stefan Rokem

16 Succinic Acid 435
Boris Litsanov, Melanie Brocker, Marco Oldiges, and Michael Bott

17 Glutamic Acid 473
Takashi Hirasawa and Hiroshi Shimizu

18 Recent Advances for Microbial Production of Xylitol 497
Yong-Cheol Park, Sun-Ki Kim, and Jin-Ho Seo

19 First and Second Generation Production of Bio-Adipic Acid 519
Jozef Bernhard Johann Henry van Duuren and Christoph Wittmann

INDEX 541